![]() Friction securing is achieved by so-called tie-down or top-over lashings which, by their pre-tension, increase the apparent weight of the cargo and thereby the friction to the loading ground and also the tilting stability.The securing capacity is proportional to the MSL of the securing devices Direct securing is effected by the immediate transfer of forces from the cargo to the CTU by means of blocking, lashings, shores or locking devices. ![]() All parts of the cargo should remain in place and neither slide nor tip under the stipulated accelerations of the CTU during the intended route of transport.Ĥ.1.3 Practical securing of cargo may be approached by three distinguished principles, which may be used individually or combined as appropriate: Any securing of cargo should aim at the avoidance of such unwanted cargo behaviour. ![]() In addition, the CTU may be simultaneously subjected to temporary vertical accelerations, which cause a weight decrease, thereby reduce the friction and the inherent tilting stability, thus promoting sliding and tipping. These forces may easily exceed the capability of static friction and tilting stability, so that cargo items may slide or tilt over. ![]() The relevant accelerations are outlined in chapter 5 of this Code in units of g, indicating the corresponding forces in units of weight of the distinguished cargo item. It should not be assumed, that because a package is heavy, it will not move during transport. This guarantees the safety of packers before additional securing devices are put in place or after such devices have been removed for unpacking.Ĥ.1.2 During transport the CTU may be subjected to vertical, longitudinal and transverse accelerations, which cause forces to each cargo item, which are proportional to its mass. 4.1.1 Arrangements or stacks of cargo items should be packed in a way so as not to deform and to remain in place and upright with no tilting by their static friction and by their inherent stability, while packing or unpacking a CTU is in progress. ![]()
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